Beyond banner ads: how to turn a newspaper audience into revenue

by Richard Seltzer,seltzer@samizdat.com, www.samizdat.com/

This article was heard on the radio program "The Computer Report," which is broadcast live on WCAP in Lowell, Mass., and is syndicated on WBNW in Boston and WPLM in Plymouth,
 
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In the past, many of the most successful public Web sites based their business on banner advertising. The larger their audience the more the ad revenue. Hence they did everything imaginable to increase their audience -- including giving away content and many different kinds of services for free.Now, with the sharp decline in advertising revenue, they need new business models. That means reassessing what they should give away and what they should charge for. For instance, many newspapers are considering charging for their online content. 

Charging for content based on its age

The news value of newspaper content changes over time, and the marketing value of content on the Web also varies over time -- but in different ways.

Some newspapers now provide current news for free on the Web and charge for access to their archives. That model presumes that current news -- having inherent value, that people are used to paying for in the print world -- should drive traffic to the site. But, unless you go to great expense to build your brand name or unless you have the right partner agreements, no one will know that you have the latest story -- no one but the people in your traditional audience, who you can prompt with notices in your print edition. 

The best way to capitalize on free current news to draw new traffic is in partnership with news distribution services, such as NewsEdge, YellowBrix, and ScreamingMedia. For instance, NewsEdge provides newsfeeds to Individual.com, which distributes them, tailored to individual needs, for free to individuals and Web sites. It's far more valuable to have your headlines dancing across the screens of thousands of users than trying to charge subscription fees for the latest content, like a subscription to a print newspaper.

But the revenue likely to come from charging for archived newspaper stories is very small, because only a handful of experts and researchers have sufficient interest in old news to be willing to pay for access to it. It makes much more sense to make the archives available for free, and use them to build traffic to your site -- storing all that text in search-engine friendly ways (e.g., as static Web pages, rather than in a database).

As for old news, a story from six months ago doesn't matter anymore to very many people, but such a story would have had time to be included in search engines, to have been bookmarked by readers and linked to by sites devoted to that particular subject -- hence such a story could bring new traffic to your site.

In other words, while the news value of content declines over time, the marketing value of that same content increases over time. So it makes sense to use the old content as a marketing asset, rather than trying to sell it.

So what should you charge for? Not the old news and not the very latest, but rather recent news -- stories a day to a month old. Those are the stories people pointed you to in email or that you heard about the next day or that you didn't get a chance to read on the day of publication. You know what you want. You know that you need it. You understand its value to you. And you'd be willing to pay to get it -- either by subscription or by the article.

But don't expect miracles. Live newsfeeds (through services like individual.com) and archives fully indexed by search engines can both boost your traffic. But, while you could make some money selling "recent" news, that's not likely to amount to major revenue.

Giving away "base" level content, and selling "professional" level

Other companies today offer a base level of content or service or software for free, and charge for the professional level.

In the case of a newspaper, you could provide headlines and the first few paragraphs of each story for free; but charge (a la carte or by subscription) for the complete detailed story and related services (like tailored news alerts). For this approach, you would want to have huge content resources available -- perhaps the content of other newspapers owned by the same group as yours; or perhaps content you pick up from other newspapers in partnership deals.

If I am interested in following a story about an election or a major archaelogical find or a riot or a very successful business, can I easily search across a whole set of newspapers and easily access all those stories? Can I have access to the complete text of stories that were shortened or that never made it into the paper because of space constraints? Can I have access to similar information provided by content partners? Can I request alerts of followup stories about the same or similar subjects?

Classified ads

Consider making the classified ads at your online site far more extensive than those in the print edition of your paper. 

With classifieds, you want to make it easy for both the seller and the buyer them to do business with you. If all classifieds from numerous print publications are available through the same site, then I could search for a particular kind of product and focus my search however I like. That's very convenient for me (instead of having to search separately three or four times at different sites), and it gives the advertiser broader reach. Hence partner with other sites to build a larger pool of classifieds. 

Selling your audience

Even if you provide free access to the content at your site, you might be tempted to force your visitors to register, because you could then sell mailing lists based on detailed demographic information you gather.

That model presents two problems. First, mandatory registration greatly reduces traffic, even when registration is free. People simply don't want to go through that hassle. Your traffic might drop to a quarter or even a tenth of what it is today if you suddenly added mandatory registration. And if you then sell those mailling lists, you could make lots of people angry, from all the spam they would get.

It is an entirely different matter if you make registration voluntary, and offer incentives for people to sign up (like the customer discount cards at supermarkets). Let people opt for email alerts etc. on subjects of concern to them, and also for email ads for special deals they might be interested in. Make it optional. Make people want to do it. And then you can sell the mailing lists -- but only very carefully, so these people will only receive mail related to the interests they have expressed.

Actually, this approach is a variant of advertising -- you are generating revenue by selling access to your audience.

Serving your audience

Instead of selling your audience, consider offering them paid value-added services.

First build your audience -- and remember that your online audience may well be both larger and very different from your real-world audience. Then strive to understand what they need and value, and build new businesses around what they want. 

For instance, how many of your page views are for business-related stories? how many for sports? how many politics, etc.?

In terms of business, you probably have readers who are investment managers, investors, people looking for jobs as managers, people looking for companies to partner with, to sell to, and to buy from. Such peeople would probably value alerts (by email, to pager, to cell phone, etc.) when news directly affects something of importance to them. They might also value online events that put them in touch with decision makers and people with the reputation of experts.

For teens, online interaction is probably more important that static content (and is probably far cheaper to generate). How many people in your audience, for instance, are teenagers who are into video games? what value-added services might they be interested in?

Think audience. Then think how can you serve that audience. Your present content is an important element of the services you will provide (so long as it is searchable and alerts can be automated).

But once you have assembled such an audience, creatively consider the other ways you could serve them.

Also, remember this is the Internet. You don't have to do everything yourself. You could partner with companies that specialize in financial services or business information and research. Use incentive-based opt-in registration to glean good info about people's wants and needs. Then have other companies offer in-depth services to this audience.

Partner galore. Find people/companies who have services that would be of interest to the dozens of subaudiences you already reach, and link those services to those audiences -- quickly and smoothly, with you taking a piece of the action.

First steps

Your Web site should be its own separate independent business that is empowered to take full advantage of the content and audience your traditional business owns, but to explore new directions.

Don't let your Web site be just an afterthought of your traditional business. Give it the independence and flexibility to advance to a new level.

"Cross-overs" (where a subscriber or advertiser in the print publication is given a package deal including the online version) are logical as a way of charging and getting paid. But beware of starting with that approach, because that sets your Web site up as just an add-on to your traditional business in the eyes of your management and in the eyes of your audience.

Try to start with a clean slate, free yourself from the usual internal politics and road blocks, and creatively partner to provide your audience with the value-added services they need. 
 


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Published by B&R Samizdat Express, 33 Gould St., West Roxbury, MA 02132. (617) 469-2269. seltzer@samizdat.com


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